Design basis first
A pipeline is designed twice if the design basis is loose. We fix the product, pressure and temperature profiles, the survey data and the installation vessel before any calculation, then run the DNV-ST-F101 limit states in order: pressure containment, collapse and propagation, on-bottom stability, free spans, global buckling and installation. The output is a design report with the load cases and utilisations a verifier can check line by line.

